Terms that may be asked on the BIOL 255L practical
There will be 80 1-point identification questions similar to weekly test questions. We will not ask any function questions.When you are prepared for the Lab Practical Exam you will be able to identify these structures:
| Directional Terminology (use appropriately) | |||
| Anterior | Posterior | Superior | Inferior |
| Medial | Lateral | Proximal | Distal |
| Cell structures | |||
| Centriole | Cytoplasm | Golgi apparatus | Microvilli |
| Mitochondria | Nucleolus | Nucleus | Plasma membrane |
| Ribosomes | Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | |
| Stages of mitosis | |||
| Prophase | Metaphase | Anaphase | Telophase |
| Skin structures | |||
| Apocrine sweat gland | Arrector pili muscle | Dermis | Eccrine sweat gland |
| Epidermis | Hair root | Tactile corpuscle | Lamellated corpuscle |
| Sebaceous gland | |||
| Tissue types | |||
| Adipose CT | Areolar CT | Blood | Compact bone |
| Cardiac muscle | Elastic cartilage | Hyaline cartilage | Nervous tissue |
| Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium | Simple columnar epithelium | Simple cuboidal epithelium | Simple squamous epithelium |
| Skeletal muscle | Smooth muscle | Stratified squamous epithelium | Transitional epithelium |
| Structures of long bones | |||
| Articular cartilage | Compact bone | Diaphysis | Endosteum |
| Epiphysis | Metaphysis | Periosteum | Red bone marrow |
| Spongy bone | Yellow bone marrow | ||
| Axial bones | |||
| Ethmoid | Frontal | Lacrimal (R/L) | Mandible |
| Maxilla (R/L) | Nasal (R/L) | Occipital | Palatine (R/L) |
| Parietal (R/L) | Sphenoid | Temporal (R/L) | Zygomatic (R/L) |
| Hyoid | Sternum | ||
| Appendicular Bones | |||
| Calcaneus | Capitate | Clavicle (R/L) | Cuboid |
| Cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral) | Femur (R/L) | Fibula (R/L) | Hamate |
| Humerus (R/L) | Ilium (R/L) | Ischium (R/L) | Lunate |
| Navicular | Patella (R/L) | Pisiform | Pubis (R/L) |
| Radius (R/L) | Scaphoid | Scapula (R/L) | Talus |
| Tibia (R/L) | Trapezium | Trapezoid | Triquetrum |
| Ulna (R/L) | |||
| Muscle Cell | |||
| Endomysium | Myofibril | Sarcolemma | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| T tubule | Z disc | ||
| Muscles and muscle groups | |||
| Biceps brachii (R/L) | Biceps femoris* (R/L) | Deltoid (R/L) | Diaphragm |
| Extensor digitorum (R/L) | External oblique (R/L) | Flexor digitorum superficialis (R/L) | Gluteus maximus (R/L) |
| Gastrocnemius (R/L) | Gracilis (R/L) | Infraspinatus* (R/L) | Internal oblique (R/L) |
| Latissimus dorsi (R/L) | Masseter (R/L) | Orbicularis oculi (R/L) | Orbicularis oris |
| Pectoralis major (R/L) | Pectoralis minor (R/L) | Rectus abdominis (R/L) | Rectus femoris* (R/L) |
| Sartorius (R/L) | Semimembranosus* (R/L) | Semitendinosus* (R/L) | Sternocleidomastoid (R/L) |
| Soleus (R/L) | Subscapularis* (R/L) | Supraspinatus* (R/L) | Trapezius |
| Transversus abdominis (R/L) | Triceps brachii (R/L) | Vastus lateralis* (R/L) | Vastus medialis* (R/L) |
| *Identify which group these muscles belong to → | Hamstring Group | Quadriceps Group | Rotator Cuff Group |
| Neuron structures | |||
| Axon | Dendrites | Neurofibril node (Node of Ranvier) | Neurolemmocyte (Schwann cell, myelin sheath) |
| Parts of the Brain | |||
| Frontal lobe of cerebrum | Parietal lobe of cerebrum | Occipital lobe of cerebrum | Temporal lobe of cerebrum |
| Cerebellum | Corpus callosum | Thalamus | Hypothalamus |
| Medulla oblongata | Pons | Dura mater | |
| Cranial Nerves | |||
| Olfactory (CN I) | Optic (CN II) | Oculomotor (CN III) | Trochlear (CN IV) |
| Trigeminal (CN V) | Abducens (CN VI) | Facial (CN VII) | Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) |
| Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) | Vagus (X) | Accessory (XI) | Hypoglossal (XII) |
| Ear Structures | |||
| Auditory tube | Cochlea | External auditory meatus | Semicircular canals |
| Tympanic membrane | Malleus | Incus | Stapes |
| Eye Structures | |||
| Cornea | Iris | Lacrimal gland | Lens |
| Optic disc | Pupil | Retina | Sclera |
| Superior rectus | Inferior rectus | Medial rectus | Lateral rectus |
| Superior oblique | Inferior oblique | ||
| Blood cells | |||
| Basophil | Eosinophil | Erythrocyte | Lymphocyte |
| Monocyte | Neutrophil | Platelet | |
| Heart | |||
| Aortic semilunar valve | Bicuspid valve | Chordae tendineae | L/R atrium |
| L/R ventricle | Papillary muscle | Pulmonary semilunar valve | Tricuspid valve |
| Blood vessels | |||
| Abdominal aorta | Arch of aorta | Brachiocephalic artery | Brachiocephalic vein (R/L) |
| Common carotid artery (R/L) | Common iliac artery/vein (R/L) | Coronary artery (R/L) | Coronary Sinus |
| External iliac artery/vein (R/L) | Internal jugular vein (R/L) | Femoral artery/vein (R/L) | Subclavian artery/vein (R/L) |
| Pulmonary artery (R/L) | Pulmonary trunk | Pulmonary veins (R/L) | Renal artery/vein (R/L) |
| Inferior vena cava | Superior vena cava | ||
| Lymphatic System | |||
| Cisterna chyli | Palatine tonsil | Pharyngeal tonsil | Spleen |
| Germinal center | Afferent lymphatic vessel | Efferent lymphatic vessel | Cortical sinus |
| Respiratory system | |||
| Carina | Cricoid cartilage | Epiglottis | Hard palate |
| Laryngopharynx | Lung (R/L) | Nasopharynx | Oropharynx |
| Nasal concha (superior, middle, or inferior) | Primary (main) bronchus (R/L) | Soft palate | Thyroid cartilage |
| Trachea | Vestibular fold | Vocal fold | |
| Endocrine System | |||
| Adrenal (suprarenal) gland | Parathyroid gland | Pineal gland | Pituitary gland |
| Thymus | Thyroid gland | ||
| Digestive system | |||
| Ascending colon | Cecum | Common bile duct | Cystic duct |
| Descending colon | Duodenum | Esophagus | Gallbladder |
| Ileum | Liver | Pancreas | Pancreatic duct |
| Parotid gland | Rectum | Sigmoid colon | Stomach |
| Transverse colon | Vermiform appendix | ||
| Urinary system | |||
| Kidney (R/L) | Renal cortex | Renal column | Renal papilla |
| Renal pelvis | Renal (medullary) pyramid | Afferent arteriole | Collecting duct |
| Distal convoluted tubule | Proximal convoluted tubule | Efferent arteriole | Loop of Henle (nephron loop) |
| Glomerulus | Ureter (R/L) | Urethra | Urinary bladder |
| Male Reproductive System | |||
| Bulbourethral gland | Corpus cavernosum | Corpus spongiosum | Ductus (Vas) deferens |
| Ejaculatory duct | Epididymis | Glans penis | Prostate gland |
| Seminal vesicle | Testis | ||
| Female Reproductive System | |||
| Cervix | Clitoris | Fimbriae | Labia minora |
| Uterine (Fallopian) tube | Uterus | Vagina | Ovary |
| Primordial follicle | Secondary oocyte | Corpus luteum | Corpus albicans |
